•Area of Caribbean Sea
= 1.94 x 106 km2
• Astronomical Tidal Range
= 20 to 30 cm.
East to  west flowing  Caribbean Current traverses the Caribbean (part of the general Atlantic Circulation).
The Caribbean Sea contains 12% of the worlds coral reefs.
Adapted from WRI, 1999.
(6) Caribbean Coral Reefs.
•As you can see from this map, coral reefs dominate the coastal tropical
environments of the Caribbean  and Central America between latitudes  of approximately
25 ° N and 25 ° S, where water
temperatures range between 18° and 30° Centigrade.
• You can also see that coral reefs in the region are under threat. The reefs
of the region are threatened by a  range human activities such as:
• heavy fishing pressure
•Increased sediment entering coastal waters as a result of
- de-forestation, coastal development and dredging
•Excessive nutrient loading.
•Habitat destruction
•These pressures reduce
•Growth-rate
•Calcification
•Diminish the ability to regenerate tissue following damage
Greater frequency of injury
•Reduced reproductive success
and
•Increased susceptibility to Bleaching and disease.